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Afghan women won the world's attention nine years ago following the routing of Taliban troops at the hands of U.S. and Afghan forces. Back then, a rush of dignitaries flew to Kabul to denounce the Taliban's brutal treatment of women, although the world had largely forgotten these same women during the previous seven years.

No school, no work, no leaving the house without a man -- even a boy would do. These are the laws Afghan women learned to live with, because they had to. Yet they also found a way to work around those rules.

Throughout the Taliban years, Afghan women ran aid organizations, practiced medicine, taught schools and ran businesses. They refused to be victims; instead, they led their communities and helped them survive desolate years of economic collapse and political isolation.

Today Afghanistan's women defy the image of burqa-clad sufferers the world so often -- and so incorrectly -- thrusts upon them.

Women entrepreneurs now head business consultancies, construction companies and soccer ball factories. They manage medical clinics, operate radio stations and run logistics firms. And not just in Kabul, but in provinces across the country.

Their work strengthens families by creating desperately needed jobs. In a poor country struggling against an emboldened insurgency and rising corruption, these entrepreneurs offer hope and generate income. These businesswomen argue that economic security is the strongest answer to rising violence. And increasingly, NATO forces on the ground are coming to believe they are right.

Midwives, too, are making the difference. Each day they fan out across nearly every province of the country, including areas international aid agencies do not dare to visit, bringing birthing kits and teaching health and hygiene to thousands of women. A country that is home to some of the world's deadliest maternal mortality rates has become a regional role model when it comes to swiftly saving women's lives.

Afghanistan counted barely 200 marginally educated midwives in 2001; today, that number has climbed to more than 2,000 well-trained professionals. These health providers earn valuable income to feed their own families and help others get healthier in the process. Along the way, they have become respected leaders in their communities and trusted advocates for change.

Women's organizations have also flourished since 2001. Women's groups now demand -- and win -- political attention and campaign pledges from presidential candidates who want their votes. And they help train other women to run in provincial elections.

Shelters for women and girls suffering the savagery of domestic violence have opened in throughout the country. The formidable women who run these safe houses help young girls escape marriages they never wanted and offer brutalized women hurt by their husbands the chance to start again.

Literacy and livelihood training sessions are held across Afghanistan, led by women who believe that without education, their country has no future. And yet pressed up against all this positive change is the the ominous threat of inevitable failure if today's Afghanistan continues its downward slide toward the past.

Women entrepreneurs now face stalling sales in the face of declining security and a growing threat from thugs and criminals who see kidnapping as big business. Corruption and a miserable business environment complicates their work and eats away at their profits. A scaled-up insurgency hampers the movement of midwives and makes families more nervous about sending their daughters off to work. And women leaders watch with increasing alarm as their government grows more unresponsive and less representative of half the population.

They hear the international community talk about Taliban negotiations but nobody talks to them. They fear that the gains they have made these past nine years will be erased overnight. The world, they say, looks poised to balance its problems on their backs once more.

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