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Study: Environmental Factors May Be Just as Important as Genes in Autism
Tuesday, July 5, 2011 10:39 AM
THEHAPPYTRADER
Quote:Autism is undeniably influenced by genes, but a new study suggests that environmental factors may also contribute significantly — more than researchers previously thought — to the developmental disorder. In fact, environmental factors may play at least as big a role as genes in causing autism. Dr. Joachim Hallmayer, a psychiatrist at the Stanford University School of Medicine, and his team report online in the Archives of General Psychiatry that shared environmental influences may account for as much as 55% of autism risk, while less than 40% can be attributed to genes. The study modeled risk, but did not specify which environmental factors were at play. But other research has implicated increasing maternal and paternal age, low birth weight, multiple pregnancies and any medications or infections to which an expectant mom is exposed during pregnancy. Autism, which affects at least 1% of children, is a complex disorder, so it's no surprise that both environmental and genetic factors contribute to its development. But in recent years, experts have focused intensively on the genetic components of autism; with the availability of more sophisticated tools to analyze genetic changes and development of disease, researchers have identified important clues about autism's roots in DNA. But the rise in autism spectrum disorders has occurred too quickly to be explained fully by genes. And scientists know that genetic changes don't occur in a vacuum. Such aberrations, combined with non-genetic factors, may offer a fuller picture of what causes the disorder. To determine how much either factor may contribute to autism, Hallmayer's group analyzed identical and fraternal twins, in which either one or both were diagnosed with autism or an autism spectrum disorder. Identical twins share identical genetic makeup, while fraternal twins are only as genetically similar as any two siblings. So by comparing the prevalence of autism between the two groups, the scientists were able to determine with relative assurance how much genes and shared environment contributed to the twins' conditions. The study found that the likelihood of both twins being affected by autism was higher among identical than fraternal twins. That suggests that genetics plays a key role in the disorder. But importantly, the chance of both twins being affected by autism was not low among fraternal twins, which is counter to what would be expected if genetics were the dominant factor. The study also found that autism rates among both identical and fraternal twins were higher than in the general population. That further suggests that environmental factors, probably shared by the twins as early as in the womb, contribute significantly to causing the disorder. "The fact that both groups have elevated rates suggests that something is making the two groups of twins similar to each other," says Neil Risch, director of the Institute for Human Genetics at University of California San Francisco and senior author on the paper. "Whether it occurs in utero, during childbirth or soon thereafter, we can't differentiate. But it suggests that something environmental is causing the twins to be alike." Risch notes that the results do not discount genetic factors by any means. "It's not either-or in terms of genetics or environment," he says. "We're not saying autism isn't genetic, because the huge majority of twins don't have autism. Obviously something is priming the risk, and it looks like that may be a genetic predisposition. So a genetic base and environmental factors together may explain autism better." The risk in twins with a genetic vulnerability may be triggered by being a multiple, for instance; something about the more crowded uterine environment may contribute to a greater chance of developing the disorder, Risch notes. The good news is that as researchers better understand the environmental factors that are responsible for autism, the more some of these factors may be modified to help lower the risk of the disorder. A fuller picture of the spectrum of both genetic and non-genetic contributors to autism may also help lead to more effective ways to treat it. Read more: http://healthland.time.com/2011/07/05/study-environmental-factors-may-be-just-as-important-as-genes-in-autism/#ixzz1RGRpNGSj
Wednesday, July 6, 2011 4:23 AM
BYTEMITE
Wednesday, July 6, 2011 6:41 AM
Quote:Originally posted by Bytemite: ...Obvious?
Wednesday, July 6, 2011 6:57 PM
RIONAEIRE
Beir bua agus beannacht
Wednesday, July 6, 2011 7:59 PM
FREMDFIRMA
Quote:Originally posted by THEHAPPYTRADER: I've also heard that Risch believes Aspergers is a subtle psychological adaptation to a more hectic world. I'm still learning, still fairly new to this field, but considering that every Asperger child I've worked with was mostly just a behavioral modification case, I think that may be plausible.
Quote:My parents had early given me religious impressions, and brought me through my childhood piously in the Dissenting way. But I was scarce fifteen, when, after doubting by turns several points as I found them disputed in the different books I read, I began to doubt of the Revelation itself. Some books against Deism fell into my hands; they were said to be the substance of the sermons which had been preached at Boyle’s Lectures. It happened that they wrought an effect on me quite contrary to what was intended by them. For the arguments of the Deists, which were quoted to be refuted, appeared to be much stronger than the refutations; in short, I soon became a thorough Deist. -Ben Franklin
Wednesday, July 6, 2011 8:37 PM
Wednesday, July 6, 2011 11:33 PM
MAGONSDAUGHTER
Thursday, July 7, 2011 12:12 AM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 5:51 AM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 6:10 AM
MALACHITE
Thursday, July 7, 2011 6:44 AM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 7:11 AM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 7:26 AM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 9:22 AM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 3:56 PM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 4:09 PM
Quote:Originally posted by TheHappyTrader: The behavioral therapy isn't about 'fixing' these children, it is about helping them adjust enough to function in society. It's based off of positive reinforcement and modeling positive social behaviors. Some children need more help adjusting than others. For example, there is the child who's primary issue is elopement (runs away to escape a situation). He get's frustrated with a person or loses a game or something and he just takes off running, somewhere, anywhere without thinking of where he is going. Maybe that doesn't seem so bad, but consider this. Earlier this year he went to New York for the first time to visit his grandmother for the first time, got frustrated with another grandchild and took off running getting lost in the city. I don't think it's cruel or unusual that we are working on preventing that behavior and replacing it with a socially acceptable means of requesting 'escape' from a situation. This isn't just for our convenience, it's for the child's own safety and well being. He may always need 'escape' but we can teach him to take a deep breath and count to 5 or 10 as needed before returning to a situation.
Thursday, July 7, 2011 5:28 PM
KWICKO
"We'll know our disinformation program is complete when everything the American public believes is false." -- William Casey, Reagan's presidential campaign manager & CIA Director (from first staff meeting in 1981)
Quote:Originally posted by TheHappyTrader: I was hoping to spark a thoughtful discussion, but I think most RWED'ers would rather post at someone they disagree with so that they can critize them for not responding or for responding in their own defense in a discussion they've declared a waste of time. I appreciate the bump though. Do you have any theories or expieriances concerning those within the Autistic spectrum you would like to share?
Thursday, July 7, 2011 5:40 PM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 5:41 PM
Quote:As for behavior modification "fixing" aspirgers I can't say I totally agree, however I do believe, more than most people it seems, that children are very adaptable and that a portion of them may be able to "grow out of" certain types of autism with the right assistance and tools. Can they all? No. But I suspect that some can, as with any condition that children have that seems to change in age with some cases.
Thursday, July 7, 2011 5:44 PM
Quote:I've also been incorporating music lessons into the therapy. He wasn't so fond of the trumpet, probably because he couldn't just pick it up and immediately get desired results, but he is excelling at simple rhythm reading and making his own rhythms. I've started bringing some sticks and a drum pad so we practice making rhythmic songs and playing them. That's one very nice thing about percussion, you hit something it makes a sound. Immediate results!
Thursday, July 7, 2011 6:05 PM
Quote:Originally posted by Magonsdaughter: Is seeing flouro lights flickering an indicator? Yikes. I see them too.
Thursday, July 7, 2011 6:15 PM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 6:18 PM
Quote:Originally posted by Magonsdaughter: That was interesting, because the first couple of sites I visited were Australian, and as yet, not mention of flouros. I actually thought everyone could see them flicker. Guess it just never came up in conversation before.
Thursday, July 7, 2011 6:29 PM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 7:10 PM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 7:15 PM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 7:29 PM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 8:36 PM
1KIKI
Goodbye, kind world (George Monbiot) - In common with all those generations which have contemplated catastrophe, we appear to be incapable of understanding what confronts us.
Thursday, July 7, 2011 9:22 PM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 9:25 PM
Thursday, July 7, 2011 11:28 PM
Quote:Originally posted by 1kiki: " preference for stacked items to be in odd numbers " I prefer evens myself. It's an odd little tick that gotten even stronger over the years. You all might be interested in this: the highly sensitive person test http://www.hsperson.com/pages/test.htm . (For the record I am on the extreme end of the sensitive person scale.) There does seem to be a biological component to this measure.
Thursday, July 7, 2011 11:29 PM
Quote:Originally posted by 1kiki: BTW - all of you who see the lights flicker - brown eyes or blue?
Friday, July 8, 2011 1:45 AM
Friday, July 8, 2011 4:15 AM
Friday, July 8, 2011 6:37 AM
Friday, July 8, 2011 8:30 AM
Quote:The child in question does return to his 'sanctuary' (his room) at home and desires 'escape' more often when his sister is around. I can relate, sister's can be annoying at that age and the aspergers isn't doing him any favors.
Quote:I think it helped that his sister was out of the house at the time. The kid has a serious ego and cannot be 'wrong' about anything if his sister is nearby.
Quote:I've started bringing some sticks and a drum pad so we practice making rhythmic songs and playing them. That's one very nice thing about percussion, you hit something it makes a sound. Immediate results!
Quote:At first I was worried that my relative inexperience would make me unqualified but the BCBA said that the children are very receptive to me, which is a huge advantage in behavior therapy and not quite as 'teachable' as the various techniques I've been acquiring over time.
Quote:I come from a military family, too.
Quote:As for the ladies, while it is possible for a female to be Autistic or within the Autistic spectrum, it is statistically very rare when compared to males. I only know of one Autistic girl our company does therapy with, and aside from the PIKA, you would think she was a normal little girl, only a little clumsy. On a slightly unrelated note, PIKA (eats or swallows things not food, like rocks, crayons, coins or an one nerve-wracking case, a battery) and ADHD are are other common disorders found with many of the Autistic children we work with. I wonder if that is significant, or just the 'luck of the draw.'
Friday, July 8, 2011 10:49 AM
Friday, July 8, 2011 2:50 PM
Friday, July 8, 2011 3:17 PM
Quote:Originally posted by RionaEire: I see no reason to diagnose people with anything unless it is impacting their daily functioning. For instance, Quicko is 50 and has been fine all the way along, so why would his sister-in-law _want to diagnose him with anything, can't he just be himself without some label? I obviously think that labels are really helpful in figuring out how to address situations that are different and need addressing, but other than that why do we have to label everything that isn't normal, who is normal anyway? So as far as I'm concerned there's nothing wrong with Quicko. Nor is there any reason to give him a diagnosis unless he honestly feels that something is different and he needs answers. But as far as the average reader is concerned Quicko sounds ordinary enough, with some extra intensity and passion and enhanced sensory perception thrown in. "A completely coherant River means writers don't deliver" KatTaya
Saturday, July 9, 2011 9:36 AM
Monday, July 11, 2011 6:36 PM
Tuesday, July 12, 2011 1:24 AM
Tuesday, July 12, 2011 1:33 AM
Tuesday, July 12, 2011 7:37 PM
Wednesday, July 13, 2011 7:11 AM
Wednesday, July 13, 2011 11:46 AM
Wednesday, July 13, 2011 2:34 PM
Wednesday, July 13, 2011 3:37 PM
Wednesday, July 13, 2011 3:50 PM
Quote:Originally posted by Fremdfirma: Well, all that also reminds me why I heavily support CCHR. Thing is, there ARE real disorders, sure - and medication does have valid use as symptom abatement, or in case where the root cause is full on neuro or bio, perhaps required on a longterm basis.... But that ain't how we do it, for the most part, generally it's a bullshit checklist diagnosis, heavily sponsored by Big Pharma to sell their wonder products, and results in wholesale labelling of folks who really have nothing WRONG with em.
Wednesday, July 13, 2011 6:01 PM
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