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REAL WORLD EVENT DISCUSSIONS
The U.S.'s Weak Legal Case Against WikiLeaks
Thursday, December 9, 2010 11:50 AM
NIKI2
Gettin' old, but still a hippie at heart...
Thursday, December 9, 2010 12:27 PM
Quote:So now that WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange has been rounded up in Britain on a warrant out of Sweden, where he's wanted for questioning in two sex assault cases, what would it take for the U.S. government to prosecute him for publishing — and disseminating to newspapers around the world — thousands of classified State Department cables? And what would it mean for freedom of speech and the press in America if it tried? Those questions hovered over Washington this week after several members of Congress and the Obama Administration suggested that Assange should indeed face criminal prosecution for posting and disseminating to the media thousands of secret diplomatic cables containing candid—and often extremely embarrassing—assessments from American diplomats. Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell went so far as to label Assange a high-tech terrorist. "He has done enormous damage to our country and I think he needs to be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. And if that becomes a problem, we need to change the law," McConnell said on NBC's Meet the Press Sunday. Attorney General Eric Holder on Monday vowed to examine every statute possible to bring charges against Assange, including some that have never before been used to prosecute a publisher. And in the Senate, some members are already readying a bill that could lower the current legal threshold for when revealing state secrets is considered a crime.
Thursday, December 9, 2010 12:28 PM
Quote:But efforts in either direction will likely run into the same obstacle: The First Amendment. Thanks to nearly a century of cases dealing with the clash between national security and the freedom of the press, the Constitution provides enormous protection for publishers of state secrets. Those who leak the secrets in the first place — government officials, even soldiers, for instance — can and are prosecuted, such as Army private, Bradley Manning, now sitting in a military prison after having been charged with illegally downloading secret files amid suspicions that he gave them to WikiLeaks. Putting someone like Assange in jail for publishing documents he did not himself steal, on the other hand, is exactly the kind of thing that First Amendment makes difficult. "From everything we've seen, [Manning] was merely responding to the notion that Assange might publish the cables," former CIA inspector general Frederick P. Hitz told TIME. "There's nothing to show that Assange played an active role in obtaining the information." He conceded that the leaks had been tremendously damaging, but added "I don't see any easy effort there" in pursuing charges. Holder has said the government will explore whether Assange could be charged with a form of theft since the records had been stolen, though such a course is fraught will obstacles, given that the files are digital copies of government records. Holder said too the government will consider whether Assange might be guilty of conspiring somehow with Manning, or went beyond the traditional role of publisher by acting as a kind of broker in dissemenating the files to newspapers around the world. What worries famed First Amendment attorney Floyd Abrams is that if the government stretches to get around the Constitution to charge Assange, it may end up damaging the press freedoms enjoyed by every publisher But if WikiLeaks was wrong to publish the cables, what of the newspapers that also published the secret documents? After all, WikiLeaks gave the documents to the New York Times and a number of other papers around the world well in advance, and the newspapers have spent the past week publishing story after story related to their findings — and in some cases, have published the secret cables themselves. Sen. Joseph Lieberman of Connecticut, chairman of the Senate Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee, told Fox News Tuesday that the Times, too, was suspect. "This is very sensitive stuff ... I certainly believe that WikiLeaks has violated the Espionage Act. But then what about news organizations that accepted it and distributed it? I know they say they deleted some of it and I am not here to make a final judgment on that, but to me The New York Times has committed at least an act of bad citizenship," he said. "Whether they've committed a crime, I think that bears a very intensive inquiry by the Justice Department." But the law is too broad a brush to try to draw a distinction between WikiLeaks' indiscriminate posting of the cables — which Burns called "nihilistic" — and the more careful vetting evidenced by The New York Times, Abrams said. How do you draft a law that targets WikiLeaks but leaves intact our system of press freedoms? "It's very difficult to do," Abrams said. Besides, he said, "the courts have never required responsibility as a prerequisite to press freedom. That's never been the legal standard." In addition, claims that Assange has simply dumped the documents without reviewing them, much like a traditional editor would, have been disputed. Assange himself told TIME that each diplomatic cable his site has published has been vetted by his own team or by the editors of newspapers with whom he has shared the documents. Lieberman wants the Senate to draft legislation that will lower the threshold for espionage prosecutions in the future. It wouldn't be the first time Congress has tried. A decade ago, Congress passed a bill that would have done just that, only to have President Clinton veto it just weeks before leaving office. That bill would have put America on footing similar to that of many other countries, including some other democracies. In the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Ireland and many other nations, publication of classified information is a crime simply because the material was secret. But not in this country. "There is no Official Secrets Act" here, Abrams points out. The only real ammunition America has to protect state secrets, most legal observers agree, is the Espionage Act of 1917, signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson amid fears of domestic unrest and possible sabotage as American entered the First World War. It's a broadly worded act, still on the books, that on its face would make stealing or sharing secrets from the government a federal crime — if a jury agreed that doing so harmed America or aided a foreign power. But Abrams said courts soon recognized that such a broadly worded statute could "make illegal many things that American newspapers publish every day. It was over-broad and covered much too much material." As a result, the Supreme Court spent most of the 20th Century steadily narrowing the Espionage Act's reach when it comes to the news media's publication of secrets. Some of the most famous cases from those years have almost eerie parallels to the current furor. In 1971, the Nixon Administration tried to stop the New York Times and Washington Post from running reports based on a highly classified secret history of the ongoing Vietnam War. The Supreme Court stopped the government in a 6-3 ruling in favor of the press.
Thursday, December 9, 2010 12:30 PM
MINCINGBEAST
Thursday, December 9, 2010 12:40 PM
Thursday, December 9, 2010 12:44 PM
Thursday, December 9, 2010 1:15 PM
MAGONSDAUGHTER
Thursday, December 9, 2010 1:23 PM
Quote:There has been an astonishing response to the open letter on Drum to Prime Minister Gillard about Julian Assange and WikiLeaks. In essence, that letter called on the Prime Minister to do the following: [T]o confirm publicly Australia’s commitment to freedom of political communication; to refrain from cancelling Mr Assange's passport, in the absence of clear proof that such a step is warranted; to provide assistance and advocacy to Mr Assange; and do everything in your power to ensure that any legal proceedings taken against him comply fully with the principles of law and procedural fairness. The Drum has now posted more than 4,500 comments, more than on any other story in its history. Many people have been unable to respond, because the page collapsed under the sheer quantity of traffic. (A similar petition is being hosted here). We have also been privately receiving a huge number of endorsements, both from high-profile and ordinary Australians, which we have been unable to add. For instance, Daniel Ellsberg is perhaps the most important whistleblower of the 20th century. In 1971, he leaked what became known as the Pentagon Papers, a series of documents proving that the US government had systematically lied about the Vietnam. This morning, Daniel Ellsberg voiced his support for the letter to Gillard. The WikiLeaks story is moving quickly. Assange is now in custody. He has been refused bail, and is contesting his extradition to Sweden. Rumours circulate of a plan afoot to eventually send him to the US, even though it is far from clear what laws he has broken. After all, the leaked cables have been published in some of the world’s most prestigious newspapers, often featuring there before appearing on WikiLeaks. As Assange pointed out in The Australian yesterday, there seems no reason why the editors of these publications should escape whatever sanctions are levelled at the WikiLeaks team. John Howard, of all people, has made the same point, noting that Assange has merely behaved as any journalist would by publishing documents that came into his possession. The implications of charges against Assange are thus profound. The Age, for instance, boasts of its exclusive access to ‘hundreds of US State Department cables relating to Australia’. In other words, it is The Age, not WikiLeaks, that is releasing the material. Is anyone going to suggest that The Age editor should be prosecuted? Well, perhaps they are. In the US, the powerful Senator Joe Lieberman wants the Justice Department to investigate The New York Times, on precisely that basis. This is dangerous territory that we are entering, and it is no wonder that so many people are concerned. WikiLeaks continues to publish. It is clear that any attempts to prosecute Assange will not solve the much larger problem facing many governments around the world. What is at stake now is more than just the fate of one person. We are talking about a fundamental threat to the whole notion of investigative journalism. The Australian Government does seem to be softening its position on WikiLeaks. That is to be welcomed. But we remain concerned about Mr Assange’s well-being, both physically and in terms of his ability to receive anything approaching justice. Naturally, there will be differences of opinion about WikiLeaks’ activities and philosophies. But it should not be controversial to assert that Mr Assange is entitled to procedural fairness and that the Australian Government should do everything to ensure he receives it. It is inspiring to see that so many everyday people agree with this conclusion. As well as the many who are signing petitions, in recent days, thousands of mirror sites have sprung up to protect the site from attack. The insurance file has been widely downloaded. This support, both politically and practically, provides robust protection to the rule of law and democratic principles. Julia Gillard should take note. The whole world is watching.{/quote] http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/42022.html
Thursday, December 9, 2010 1:46 PM
CANTTAKESKY
Quote:Originally posted by Niki2: I vote "persecution", not "prosecution".
Friday, December 10, 2010 7:49 AM
Quote:America is set to bring spying charges against jailed WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, claims his lawyer. US prosecutors are said to be finalising their case against the 39-year-old Australian behind the publication of more than 250,000 secret diplomatic messages. Mr Assange’s lawyer Jennifer Robinson said she understands US charges are ‘imminent’. He is likely to be prosecuted under the Espionage Act, which makes it a crime to receive national defence information if it is known to have been obtained illegally and could be used ‘to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of any foreign nation.’
Friday, December 10, 2010 7:58 AM
ANTHONYT
Freedom is Important because People are Important
Friday, December 10, 2010 8:14 AM
Friday, December 10, 2010 8:16 AM
Quote: 18 U.S.C. § 793: (a) Whoever, for the purpose of obtaining information respecting the national defense with intent or reason to believe that the information is to be used to the injury of the United States, or to the advantage of any foreign nation, goes upon, enters, flies over, or otherwise obtains information concerning any vessel, aircraft, work of defense, navy yard, naval station, submarine base, fueling station, fort, battery, torpedo station, dockyard, canal, railroad, arsenal, camp, factory, mine, telegraph, telephone, wireless, or signal station, building, office, research laboratory or station or other place connected with the national defense owned or constructed, or in progress of construction by the United States or under the control of the United States, or of any of its officers, departments, or agencies, or within the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States, or any place in which any vessel, aircraft, arms, munitions, or other materials or instruments for use in time of war are being made, prepared, repaired, stored, or are the subject of research or development, under any contract or agreement with the United States, or any department or agency thereof, or with any person on behalf of the United States, or otherwise on behalf of the United States, or any prohibited place so designated by the President by proclamation in time of war or in case of national emergency in which anything for the use of the Army, Navy, or Air Force is being prepared or constructed or stored, information as to which prohibited place the President has determined would be prejudicial to the national defense; or (b) Whoever, for the purpose aforesaid, and with like intent or reason to believe, copies, takes, makes, or obtains, or attempts to copy, take, make, or obtain, any sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan, map, model, instrument, appliance, document, writing, or note of anything connected with the national defense; or (c) Whoever, for the purpose aforesaid, receives or obtains or agrees or attempts to receive or obtain from any person, or from any source whatever, any document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan, map, model, instrument, appliance, or note, of anything connected with the national defense, knowing or having reason to believe, at the time he receives or obtains, or agrees or attempts to receive or obtain it, that it has been or will be obtained, taken, made, or disposed of by any person contrary to the provisions of this chapter; or (d) Whoever, lawfully having possession of, access to, control over, or being entrusted with any document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan, map, model, instrument, appliance, or note relating to the national defense, or information relating to the national defense which information the possessor has reason to believe could be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of any foreign nation, willfully communicates, delivers, transmits or causes to be communicated, delivered, or transmitted or attempts to communicate, deliver, transmit or cause to be communicated, delivered or transmitted the same to any person not entitled to receive it, or willfully retains the same and fails to deliver it on demand to the officer or employee of the United States entitled to receive it; or (e) Whoever having unauthorized possession of, access to, or control over any document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan, map, model, instrument, appliance, or note relating to the national defense, or information relating to the national defense which information the possessor has reason to believe could be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of any foreign nation, willfully communicates, delivers, transmits or causes to be communicated, delivered, or transmitted, or attempts to communicate, deliver, transmit or cause to be communicated, delivered, or transmitted the same to any person not entitled to receive it, or willfully retains the same and fails to deliver it to the officer or employee of the United States entitled to receive it; or (f) Whoever, being entrusted with or having lawful possession or control of any document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan, map, model, instrument, appliance, note, or information, relating to the national defense, (1) through gross negligence permits the same to be removed from its proper place of custody or delivered to anyone in violation of his trust, or to be lost, stolen, abstracted, or destroyed, or (2) having knowledge that the same has been illegally removed from its proper place of custody or delivered to anyone in violation of its trust, or lost, or stolen, abstracted, or destroyed, and fails to make prompt report of such loss, theft, abstraction, or destruction to his superior officer - Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. (g) If two or more persons conspire to violate any of the foregoing provisions of this section, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be subject to the punishment provided for the offense which is the object of such conspiracy. (h)(1) Any person convicted of a violation of this section shall forfeit to the United States, irrespective of any provision of State law, any property constituting, or derived from, any proceeds the person obtained, directly or indirectly, from any foreign government, or any faction or party or military or naval force within a foreign country, whether recognized or unrecognized by the United States, as the result of such violation. For the purposes of this subsection, the term "State" includes a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. (2) The court, in imposing sentence on a defendant for a conviction of a violation of this section, shall order that the defendant forfeit to the United States all property described in paragraph (1) of this subsection. (3) The provisions of subsections (b), (c), and (e) through (p) of section 413 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 853(b), (c), and (e)-(p)) shall apply to - (A) property subject to forfeiture under this subsection; (B) any seizure or disposition of such property; and (C) any administrative or judicial proceeding in relation to such property, if not inconsistent with this subsection. (4) Notwithstanding section 524(c) of title 28, there shall be deposited in the Crime Victims Fund in the Treasury all amounts from the forfeiture of property under this subsection remaining after the payment of expenses for forfeiture and sale authorized by law.
Friday, December 10, 2010 12:34 PM
Quote:Originally posted by Niki2: Magons: Now why does the reaction of your PM not surprise me, nor the response of your citizens? He's bought. They're not.
Friday, December 10, 2010 12:43 PM
Quote:Originally posted by Magonsdaughter: I'll be furious if Assange is extradited to the US.
Friday, December 10, 2010 1:29 PM
FREMDFIRMA
Sunday, December 12, 2010 6:51 AM
Quote:I don't even think it's about money, but about power. Some of the leaks about my country have been very interesting. They demonstrate what a lot of us have suspected for a long time, that our 'special relationship' means that you have to be in bed with the US to remain in power and that forces within our government are entangled with US diplomats to an unhealthy degree
Sunday, December 12, 2010 2:47 PM
Sunday, December 12, 2010 2:50 PM
Quote:Originally posted by Niki2: Oops, sorry Magons...I forgot...SHE! And my goodness, I'm amazed you're surprised to learnQuote:I don't even think it's about money, but about power. Some of the leaks about my country have been very interesting. They demonstrate what a lot of us have suspected for a long time, that our 'special relationship' means that you have to be in bed with the US to remain in power and that forces within our government are entangled with US diplomats to an unhealthy degreeI thought everyone knew that...it's how our friggin' government OPERATES! Now you understand one more reason I think it's a good thing we're a dying empire. Might be hard to name me an empire that HASN'T done those things to its neighbors and allies...and given "neighbors" is a global term these days... It never occurred to me you didn't already know that--I guess I just assume everyone elsewhere is as aware and disgusted by what our government does internationally as we are...
Sunday, December 12, 2010 4:02 PM
Monday, December 13, 2010 9:57 PM
CUNKNOWN
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 6:24 AM
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 7:00 AM
GEEZER
Keep the Shiny side up
Quote:Originally posted by canttakesky: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11989216 Assange is granted bail. Finally. They finally identified the accusations against him: 1. Having unprotected sex when the woman wanted a condom to be used 2. Having unprotected sex with a woman who was asleep, with whom he had sex with the night before.
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 7:33 AM
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 10:42 AM
Quote:Originally posted by Geezer: Quote:Originally posted by canttakesky: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11989216 Assange is granted bail. Finally. They finally identified the accusations against him: 1. Having unprotected sex when the woman wanted a condom to be used 2. Having unprotected sex with a woman who was asleep, with whom he had sex with the night before. Per an article in the Washington Post, "In Sweden, it's a crime to continue to have sex after your partner withdraws consent." http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/10/AR2010121002571.html The article also notes than in the U.S. this is not true. "Keep the Shiny side up"
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 10:48 AM
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 2:02 PM
Quote:Originally posted by Niki2: Well, #2 is totally assinine, in my opinion.... The first one; isn't that rape?
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 2:07 PM
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 2:10 PM
Quote:Originally posted by Magonsdaughter: I'm surprised that having sex without consent is not a crime in the US???????
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 2:17 PM
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 4:15 PM
Quote:Originally posted by Magonsdaughter: Ah, but isn't all legislation 'force' even legislation that prevents someone from having non consensual sex with another person sorry, couldn't resist
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 4:32 PM
DREAMTROVE
Tuesday, December 14, 2010 6:14 PM
Quote:Originally posted by dreamtrove: I'm with Magon on this one: it's an extrajudicial abuse of international justice through manipualtions by americans of other govts. to silence free speech of Australians in a blatant act of tyranny and imperialism.
Wednesday, December 15, 2010 4:37 AM
Wednesday, December 15, 2010 7:06 AM
Quote:Originally posted by dreamtrove: Laws like this one serve one purpose, and were created by their masters to do so: to criminalize consensual sexuality.
Wednesday, December 15, 2010 8:07 AM
THEHAPPYTRADER
Wednesday, December 15, 2010 9:58 AM
HERO
Quote:Originally posted by mincingbeast: The US government has no case against Wikileaks.
Quote: See generally New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) 403 U. S. 713 (upholding the press' right to publish information of great public concern obtained from documents stolen by a third party); Bartnicki v. Vopper (2001) 532 U.S. 514 (finding no liability for a media defendant who broadcasted information stolen by a third party but was not involved in the theft).
Wednesday, December 15, 2010 10:10 AM
Quote:Originally posted by Hero: Quote:Originally posted by mincingbeast: The US government has no case against Wikileaks. Thats because it has not been filed yet. There is a law against espionage, he broke it. And the fella that gave him the info committed treason. But you raise a valid defense: Quote: See generally New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) 403 U. S. 713 (upholding the press' right to publish information of great public concern obtained from documents stolen by a third party); Bartnicki v. Vopper (2001) 532 U.S. 514 (finding no liability for a media defendant who broadcasted information stolen by a third party but was not involved in the theft).
Wednesday, December 15, 2010 10:24 AM
Wednesday, December 15, 2010 12:15 PM
STORYMARK
Wednesday, December 15, 2010 3:00 PM
Quote:Originally posted by TheHappyTrader: I guess what I'm saying is that even well meaning laws meant to protect freedoms, can in practice take more freedoms from us.
Wednesday, December 15, 2010 3:17 PM
Wednesday, December 15, 2010 3:41 PM
Quote:Originally posted by dreamtrove: I thought you were opposed to all laws.
Quote:Specifically, laws like this swedish law are an open door to declare a sex act rape retroactively, ....
Wednesday, December 15, 2010 3:50 PM
Wednesday, December 15, 2010 11:13 PM
Thursday, December 16, 2010 4:16 AM
Quote:Originally posted by Magonsdaughter: I think a lot of rape is difficult to prove. Hevertheless, non consensual sex is rape, regardless of at what stage it becomes non consensual.
Thursday, December 16, 2010 10:56 AM
Thursday, December 16, 2010 11:00 AM
Quote:Originally posted by Hero: As a Prosecutor my policy is 'regret is not rape.'
Quote: in Ohio you can't consent if you are not awake...this is not true everywhere.
Friday, December 17, 2010 8:06 PM
Quote:Is that what this Swedish law does? That was not my understanding.
Quote:I have not researched Assange's sex life, so I could be wrong. But I thought I saw somewhere that the women contacted the cops shortly after the sex, but cops did nothing until Assange became more famous.
Quote: Anyway, all I was saying is, I like laws that penalize all non-consentual sex (if we are to have laws). Now how "non-consentual" is defined, we could debate that further.
Friday, December 17, 2010 8:08 PM
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